Gastric bypass consists of modifying the anatomy of the digestive system, creating a small stomach, which will produce a restriction in the volume of food, that is, the portions of food necessary to feel full will be much smaller than the original ones.
What is Metabolic Surgery?
The main surgical techniques performed for this type of patient are gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, both by video laparoscopy. Video laparoscopy is a minimally invasive video surgery technique that allows us, by making small incisions in the skin, to enter the abdominal cavity in order to make changes in the digestive system that will produce the desired effects on the disease. Some of the benefits of this approach are less pain and faster postoperative recovery when compared to open surgery or large incisions.
Gastric bypass consists of modifying the anatomy of the digestive system, creating a small stomach, which will produce a restriction in the volume of food, that is, the portions of food necessary to feel full will be much smaller than the original ones, skipping through a bypass intestine the first portions of the small intestine, where most of the fats we eat are absorbed. In sleeve gastrectomy, the size of the stomach is reduced by 80%, transforming it into a tubular organ, reducing gastric capacity, producing satiety with smaller volumes ingested. The duration of the operations, on average in trained groups, is 90 minutes and the average length of stay is 72 hours.
Advantage
- Metabolic surgery significantly decreases the probability of death, leads to lasting improvements in important cardiovascular risk factors, and reduces the risk of developing microvascular complications.
- Severely obese patients who had gastric bypass reduced the risk of mortality from Type II Diabetes by 92% for up to seven years.
- Gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with a 58% reduction in the relative risk of death from any cause five years after surgery.
- Risk of death from myocardial infarction (heart attack) was reduced by almost 60%.
- Risk of suffering nonfatal or fatal myocardial infarction reduced 49%.
- At 12 years, patients with type 2 diabetes who had gastric bypass saw lower rates of hypertension (16% vs. 47%) and dyslipidemia compared with those who did not undergo surgery.
- Meta-analysis of 17,532 patients in 1,559 studies demonstrates metabolic surgery was superior to medical treatment alone in obese patients for prevention of microvascular complications of diabetes (OR: 0.16 vs. 0.42), including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
- For patients with diabetes and severe obesity who had metabolic surgery, the risk of microvascular complications at five years was less than half that of patients receiving medical treatment 16.91 TP2T vs. 34.7%, respectively.
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